How it works
- Labour = estimated hours × hourly rate.
- Buffer = labour × buffer percentage.
- Price = labour + buffer + direct costs.
- Overrun test: hours × (1 + overrun) gives the hours you might spend; (price − direct costs) ÷ those hours is your effective rate.
Questions
What is the buffer for?
Scope and review changes you can foresee but cannot size. It is a pricing choice, not a rule. A change order covers work outside the agreed scope.
Why test an overrun?
On a fixed fee, extra hours are unpaid. The test shows how far your effective hourly rate falls if the estimate is wrong by a stated amount.
Should direct costs be inside the buffer?
Keep them separate, as here. Buffering a cost you can name hides it; listing it lets the client see what the price covers.
A planning aid, not tax or legal advice. Runs in your browser; the figures you type are not sent to CORAA or stored.
Related: Freelance accountant hourly rate calculator, Per-file fee to hourly rate converter. All freelance tools.