The formulas
- Sharpe = (Rp - Rf) / standard deviation
- Treynor = (Rp - Rf) / beta
- Jensen alpha = Rp - [Rf + beta x (Rm - Rf)]
How it works
All three measures ask whether a return was worth the risk taken. Sharpe uses total volatility and suits a portfolio that is most of an investor holdings. Treynor uses beta, the market risk that diversification cannot remove, and suits one part of a larger portfolio.
Jensen alpha compares the actual return with what CAPM predicts for that beta. A positive alpha means the manager beat the market-risk benchmark. Use returns, risk-free rate and standard deviation over the same period and frequency.
Illustrative figures only. Check the result against your firm's methodology before relying on it.
Common questions
Monthly data: how do I annualize?
Multiply mean monthly excess return by 12 and monthly standard deviation by the square root of 12.
Which risk-free rate?
A Treasury bill yield matching the measurement period.
Can these be negative?
Yes, when the portfolio return falls below the risk-free rate or the CAPM benchmark.
Formulas on this page are the standard definitions.
Runs in your browser. The figures you type are not sent to CORAA or stored. Check the result against your firm's methodology before relying on it.