The formulas
- Credit loss = amortized cost - PV of expected cash flows
- Allowance = min(credit loss, amortized cost - fair value)
- OCI = unrealized loss - allowance
- Intent or requirement to sell: write off the allowance, write amortized cost down to fair value; earnings take the write-down less the allowance
How it works
ASC 326-30-35-2, added by ASU 2016-13, records credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities through an allowance, limited by the amount fair value is below amortized cost. Impairment not recorded through the allowance goes to OCI net of tax.
Under ASC 326-30-35-10, if the entity intends to sell, or more likely than not will be required to sell before recovery, it writes off any allowance and writes the amortized cost basis down to fair value, with any incremental impairment reported in earnings.
Illustrative figures only. Check the result against your firm's methodology before relying on it.
Common questions
Is there an allowance when fair value is above amortized cost?
No. The fair value floor makes the allowance zero.
Can the allowance reverse?
Yes. Improvements in expected cash flows reduce the allowance through credit loss expense.
Which rate discounts the expected cash flows?
The security's effective interest rate implicit at the date of acquisition.
Sources
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