The formulas
- Loan = price x (1 - down payment %)
- Debt service = 12 x level monthly payment on the loan
- Cash-on-cash = (NOI - debt service) / (down payment + closing costs + rehab)
How it works
Cash-on-cash return measures first-year pre-tax cash flow against the cash you invested. Unlike cap rate, it depends on financing, so a larger loan changes it.
It ignores principal paydown, appreciation, depreciation and tax. Use it with the DSCR row: lenders set a minimum DSCR, so NOI must cover debt service by a margin. Fixed-rate, fully amortizing loan assumed.
Illustrative figures only. Check the result against your firm's methodology before relying on it.
Common questions
Why can cash-on-cash exceed the cap rate?
When the loan rate is below the cap rate, leverage lifts the return on equity.
Is principal paydown a return?
It builds equity but is not cash flow, so it is left out.
Should capital reserves be deducted?
If you reserve for them, subtract the reserve from NOI first.
Formulas on this page are the standard definitions.
Runs in your browser. The figures you type are not sent to CORAA or stored. Check the result against your firm's methodology before relying on it.