The formulas
- EAA = NPV x r / (1 - (1 + r)^-n)
- Rank projects by EAA when each will be replaced in kind
- Perpetuity value = EAA / r
How it works
Comparing NPVs of projects with different lives favors the longer project unfairly when each will be repeated. The equivalent annual annuity spreads each NPV into a level yearly amount over its own life. The project with the higher EAA adds more value per year, and wins when both repeat forever.
In the example, project B has the larger NPV, yet project A earns more per year. Replacing A every three years beats replacing B every five. EAA ranking assumes replacement in kind at the same cost and cash flows.
Illustrative figures only. Check the result against your firm's methodology before relying on it.
Common questions
When should I not use EAA?
When the projects are one-off and will not be repeated. Then compare NPV directly.
Is EAA the same as the replacement chain method?
They give the same ranking. EAA needs less arithmetic.
Can I use EAA for cost-only projects?
Yes. Enter NPVs as negative costs and pick the smaller equivalent annual cost.
Formulas on this page are the standard definitions.
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