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University · Inventory

Inventory Count Variance Analyser.

Paste book quantities against the physical count with the unit cost. The tool shows the variance in units, percent and value, and flags items outside the tolerances you set. A variance is a prompt to investigate, not a conclusion.

Counts and tolerances

Paste from Excel or CSV. Columns are found by header names; if a name is not recognised the default position above is used.

Set tolerances from the nature of the stock, how it is counted and your materiality. Nothing here is a prescribed limit.

Variances
Items read6
Items outside tolerance3
Book value28,36,500.00
Counted value27,06,700.00
Net variance (count less book)-1,29,800.00
Gross overage25,200.00
Gross shortage-1,55,000.00
Net variance as percent of book value-4.58%
Rows that could not be read0
ItemBookCountVar qtyVar %Var valueFlags
SP-301900.00610.00-290.00-32.2-89,900.00Outside quantity tolerance; Outside value tolerance
FG-20142.0039.00-3.00-7.1-55,500.00Outside quantity tolerance; Outside value tolerance
FG-202120.00126.006.005.025,200.00Outside quantity tolerance; Outside value tolerance

Read the variance, then ask why.

A count rarely matches the books exactly. What matters is whether the difference is small, explained and understood. Sorting by value puts the items that could move the financial statements at the top. Overages and shortages are both worth a question, since an overage can point to goods received but not booked, or to a cut-off error. Check receipts and issues around the count date before accepting that a variance is a loss.

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How the variance is worked out

For each item the variance in units is the counted quantity less the book quantity. The percentage is that difference over the book quantity, and the value is the unit difference times the unit cost.

An item is flagged when the absolute percentage is above your quantity tolerance, or when the absolute value is above your value tolerance. An item with a zero book quantity and a count is always flagged on quantity.

The summary shows total book and counted value, net variance, and gross overage and shortage separately so that offsetting differences are not hidden.

Worked example — pump assemblies

42 pump assemblies in the books, 39 counted, at a unit cost of 18,500, with a 2% quantity tolerance.

Inputs
Book quantity42
Count quantity39
Unit cost18,500
Output
Variance in units-3
Variance percent-7.1%
Variance value-55,500
The shortage is well above a 2% tolerance, so the item is flagged for follow-up on movements around the count date.

Common mistakes

Counting without a cut-off
Note the last receipt and issue numbers at the count. Otherwise movements after the count look like variances.
Netting overages against shortages
A small net figure can hide large gross differences. Look at both.
Using the wrong unit cost
Use the cost basis the books use for that item, and check units of measure match between book and count.

Frequently asked questions

What columns does the pasted data need?+
A header row, then item code, description, unit cost, book quantity and count quantity. Other column orders work if the header names contain words such as cost, book, system, count or physical.
What tolerance should I use?+
It depends on the stock and your materiality. Use your engagement methodology or the client's count policy, and do not rely on a number from another business.
Is my data uploaded?+
No. Everything is processed in your browser.

Authoritative sources

ICAI — SA 501, Audit Evidence: Specific Considerations (inventory) — Attendance at physical inventory counting. Check the current text.
Always confirm against the latest version of the source. Regulations evolve and amendments are common.
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Last reviewed: 2026-10-17 · For informational purposes only — not professional advice.