Audit automation insights.

Agreed-Upon Procedures under SRS 4400 in India: Engagement Guide for CA Firms

How an agreed-upon procedures engagement under SRS 4400 works in India: terms, who sets the procedures, factual findings report, independence and use restriction, with a worked example.

10 Oct 2026

7 min read

Amortization Meaning: Intangible Assets Under Ind AS 38 and Loan Amortisation in India

Amortisation spreads an intangible's cost over its life, or splits a loan EMI into interest and principal. Ind AS 38, AS 26 and worked rupee examples.

10 Oct 2026

7 min read

Audit Assertions Explained: SA 315 and SA 500 Assertions with Examples for CAs

The audit assertions in SA 315 (Revised 2019) and SA 500 for transactions, balances and disclosures, with a procedure and misstatement table and worked receivables and revenue examples.

10 Oct 2026

7 min read

Audit Programme: Meaning, Contents and a Sample for Trade Receivables and Payroll

What an audit programme is under SA 300 and SA 330, how it differs from the audit plan, what it contains, and sample extracts for trade receivables and payroll.

10 Oct 2026

7 min read

Audit Walkthrough: 15 Essential Questions to Ask, With a Worked Order-to-Cash Example

What an audit walkthrough is, why SA 315 makes it central, 15 questions grouped by initiation, authorisation, recording, custody and reporting, with good and bad answers and an Indian example.

10 Oct 2026

7 min read

Financial Due Diligence in India: Scope, Process and Report Structure for CA Firms

What financial due diligence covers in India: quality of earnings, net debt, working capital, tax and FEMA exposure, report structure, engagement terms and a worked adjustment.

10 Oct 2026

8 min read

Form ADT-1: How to File the Auditor Appointment Notice with the Registrar

Form ADT-1 is the company's notice to the Registrar of an auditor's appointment under section 139, due in 15 days. Attachments, first auditor, errors.

10 Oct 2026

6 min read

Form ADT-3: How an Auditor Files Resignation Under Section 140(2)

Form ADT-3 is the auditor's resignation statement, filed with the company and the Registrar within 30 days under section 140(2). Reasons, CAG, hand-over.

10 Oct 2026

6 min read

Government Audit in India: What the CAG Audits and the Three Types of Government Audit

How government audit works in India: the CAG's constitutional basis, what is audited, financial, compliance and performance audit, government company audit under the Companies Act, and reports to legislatures.

10 Oct 2026

7 min read

ICAI Peer Review Explained: Who Needs a Certificate and What Firms Should Prepare

ICAI Peer Review is a mandate-linked review of a practice unit's audit quality. Phases, who needs a certificate, process, SQM 1 link and what to prepare.

10 Oct 2026

6 min read

ITGC Audit in India: Information Technology General Controls Testing Guide for CAs

ITGC audit explained for Indian CAs: four domains, tests and evidence per domain, link to SA 315 and SA 330, Rule 11(g) audit trail, IFC under 143(3)(i) and when to use an IT specialist.

10 Oct 2026

7 min read

Lessor vs Lessee: Meaning, Examples and Accounting Under Ind AS 116 and AS 19

Lessor owns and lets out the asset; lessee uses it and pays rent. Examples, Ind AS 116 and AS 19 accounting, and a worked journal-entry table in rupees.

10 Oct 2026

7 min read

SOX Controls vs Internal Financial Controls in India: Section 143(3)(i) Explained

What SOX controls are, and how India's equivalent works: internal financial controls, section 134(5)(e), the auditor's report under section 143(3)(i), exemptions, a comparison table and a worked control test.

10 Oct 2026

7 min read

Test of Controls (SA 330) Explained: How to Test Purchase Controls With an Example

How auditors test controls under SA 330: tests of controls vs substantive procedures, the four methods, deviations, and a purchases worked example.

10 Oct 2026

6 min read

Types of Audit Opinion in India: Unmodified, Qualified, Adverse and Disclaimer

The four audit opinions under SA 700 and SA 705, the material and pervasive tests, emphasis of matter and KAMs, with a decision table and worked example.

10 Oct 2026

6 min read

What Is an Audit? Meaning, Objectives and Types of Audit in India

What an audit is in India: meaning, the SA 200 objective of reasonable assurance, who can audit, main types, key terms, the process and limits of an audit.

10 Oct 2026

6 min read

What Is Financial Reporting? Financial Statements, Schedule III and Ind AS in India

Financial reporting is how a company communicates results and position. Components, Section 129, Schedule III, Ind AS vs AS, timelines and the SA 700 audit link.

10 Oct 2026

7 min read

Advance Tax Due Dates FY 2026-27: Instalments, Who Must Pay and Interest under 234B and 234C

Advance tax due dates for FY 2026-27: 15 June, 15 September, 15 December and 15 March, who must pay, senior citizen exemption, presumptive taxpayers, and 234B and 234C interest with an example.

9 Oct 2026

4 min read

Audit Process Step by Step in India: From Planning to Audit Report

The audit process in India stage by stage: audit strategy and planning under SA 300 and SA 315, interim audit, fieldwork, completion and reporting under SA 700, 705 and 706, with a sample timeline.

9 Oct 2026

5 min read

Bank Reconciliation Statement: Format, Worked Example and Steps

How to prepare a bank reconciliation statement: why cash book and passbook differ, the format, a worked example in rupees, common errors, the cheque validity rule and what the auditor tests.

9 Oct 2026

5 min read

Bank Stock Audit Empanelment 2026-27: Criteria for CA and Cost Accountant Firms

What banks ask for in stock and receivables audit empanelment for 2026-27, using J&K Bank's three-year notice and UCO Bank's panel as examples, with a preparation checklist.

9 Oct 2026

5 min read

Cloud Accounting Software in India: Tally, Zoho, Busy Compared

How Indian small businesses and CA firms should compare Tally, Zoho Books, Busy, Marg and QuickBooks: GST, e-invoicing, audit trail, and data export for auditors.

9 Oct 2026

6 min read

Depreciation as per Companies Act: Schedule II Useful Lives, Methods and Example

Schedule II Part C useful lives for main asset classes, the 5% residual value, SLM and WDV, component accounting, shift depreciation, and how it differs from Income-tax depreciation.

9 Oct 2026

6 min read

Excel Formulas for MIS Reports: The Ones Finance Teams Actually Use

SUMIFS, XLOOKUP, pivot tables, variance percentage, rolling 12 months, ageing buckets and DSO, each with a worked rupee example, and what a CFO should see in the monthly pack.

9 Oct 2026

5 min read

Form 26A: The Accountant's Certificate That Saves a Deductor from TDS Default (and What Replaces It in 2026-27)

What Form 26A is, when a deductor needs it, how the CA certifies it, where it is filed, and the Form 149 equivalent under the Income-tax Rules 2026. Not to be confused with Form 26AS.

9 Oct 2026

5 min read

GST Council 57th Meeting (8 October 2026): Every Major Recommendation and What It Means

The 57th GST Council meeting recommended removing arrest powers, a ₹5 crore prosecution threshold, a ₹10,000 notice threshold, automated refunds and wider ITC. What was recommended, what has dates, and what is still not law.

9 Oct 2026

8 min read

GST Registration: Documents, Fees, Process and Timeline in India

Who must register for GST, the documents needed by entity type, whether there is a government fee, the Part A and Part B process, timelines and rejection reasons.

9 Oct 2026

5 min read

GST Return Due Dates for FY 2026-27: GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, GSTR-9 and GSTR-9C, With Late Fee and Interest

GSTR-1 on the 11th, GSTR-3B on the 20th, 22nd or 24th, GSTR-9 and 9C on 31 December, plus the late fee under section 47 and 18% interest under section 50.

9 Oct 2026

4 min read

GST Returns Explained: GSTR-1, 3B, 9, 9C and Who Files What

Which GST return applies to whom: GSTR-1, IFF, 3B, 9, 9C, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10, what each contains, how often it is filed, and how the QRMP scheme works.

9 Oct 2026

5 min read

How to Generate UDIN on the ICAI Portal: Step by Step for CA Firms

UDIN login and generation on udin.icai.org: registration, document details, OTP, the 60-day window, bulk generation, revocation within 48 hours and a firm checklist.

9 Oct 2026

5 min read